Mouth Diseases and Complications - Periodontitis

Periodontal disease or periodontitis is commonly noticed in young or middle-aged people. The disease begins with red and bleeding gums. Subsequently, the teeth get bare. If the disease is in advanced stage, there is purulent secretion with an unpleasant smell coming from the teeth. Periodontal disease is a process of destruction of the periodontal structures due to the change of the epithelium of the gums and disease of the tooth tissues. Periodontitis affects the loco-held apparatus of the teeth.

The basis of the dystrophic process of the gingival epithelium is the reaction of the body, seeking to prevent the spread of available infection. Dystrophic changes lead to shaking and loss of the teeth. The analysis of the development, construction and operation of the periodontium shows that when there is deficient functioning of the teeth, the protective tissue that is released in the oral cavity between the end of the enamel of the teeth and the layer of epithelial cells stagnates.

 The result is a process of formation of mineral crystals in the saliva whose amount subsequently increases. Tartar begins destroying the tissues of the tooth and thus begins an inflammatory process and development of periodontal disease (periodontitis). The impaired integrity of the basal membrane of the epithelial tissue of the gum, enamel and the dentin becomes a gateway for the entry of pathogen microorganisms. As a result of this, the inflammatory process leads to serious dystrophic changes in the tissues of the gums.

The gum pulls out and baring of teeth to the root can be observed. An alveolar pocket forms, in which tartar is located and granulose tissue expands. When an x-ray picture is made, you can see unilateral or bilateral thinning of the bone membranes of the teeth. The process covers only certain teeth. There is a strong shaking of the affected teeth. If not treated properly, the disease can lead to loss of the teeth.

The special feature of this process is that when there is loss of the tooth, the gum tissue heals and closes the wound. Periodontitis is considered to occur due to traumatic factors like: presence of tartar, improper healing of dental caries, placing of crowns and others, improper alignment of the teeth, abnormal contact between the teeth and etc.

 All these can lead to trauma of the periodontium when chewing or collecting food in the interdental spaces. In order to prevent the occurrence of this and many other diseases of the teeth and mouth you should take proper care of your oral hygiene. You should never forget to brush your teeth at least twice a day, to use appropriate toothpaste and toothbrush, to use also dental floss and to visit your dentist at least twice a year, not only when you have any complaints.